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"Vicious dog" or "dangerous dog" laws impose special restrictions on dogs that are officially labeled dangerous. By focusing on dogs known to pose a danger to people, these laws can protect the public and crack down on irresponsible dog owners. Many states have dangerous dog laws, and so do many cities.

Generally, the process of having a dog declared dangerous is set in motion by a formal complaint from an animal control officer or someone who has been threatened or injured by the dog. A hearing follows, at which a judge hears evidence and determines whether or not the dog is dangerous under the terms of the law.

If a dog is found to be dangerous, the judge will order the owner to take measures to prevent the dog from injuring anyone. At the least, the owner will have to keep the dog securely confined. If the judge determines that the danger can't be kept within an acceptable level, the owner may be ordered to have the dog destroyed or remove it from the city. An owner who violates the court's order will probably be fined and possibly be jailed, especially if the dog seriously injures someone. The dog will be impounded and probably killed.